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The Four Labour Codes of India

Twenty-nine central labour laws, consolidated into four codes. Here's what each one changes for your business.

The Code on Wages, 2019
50%Wage Rule
Code 01 · Wages

The Code on Wages, 2019

Streamlines remuneration and bonus rules by merging four earlier acts into one, with a universal minimum wage and mandatory timely pay.

  • Universal Minimum Wages — extended to organized and unorganized sectors alike.
  • National Floor Wage — states cannot set pay below the Centre's baseline.
  • Timely Payment — wages due by the 7th of the next month.
  • Equal Remuneration — no gender pay gap for similar work.
The Code on Social Security, 2020
9→1Acts Merged
Code 02 · Social Security

The Code on Social Security, 2020

Merges nine older labour acts into a single system covering EPFO and ESIC, and extends welfare protection to gig workers.

  • Broader Coverage — gig, platform and unorganized workers now included.
  • Simplified Steps — many criminal penalties replaced with fines.
  • Women's Rights — 26 weeks' maternity leave and crèche facilities.
The Industrial Relations Code, 2020
300Worker Limit
Code 03 · Industrial Relations

The Industrial Relations Code, 2020

Combines three older acts to set uniform rules for trade unions, working conditions and dispute resolution.

  • Fixed-Term Employment — contract staff get benefits equal to permanent staff.
  • Standing Orders — now apply at 300+ workers, up from 100.
  • Negotiating Unions — formal system for talks based on member count.
  • Re-Skilling Fund — support for workers affected by retrenchment.
Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020
8/48Hrs Day/Wk
Code 04 · Safety & Health

Occupational Safety, Health & Working Conditions Code, 2020

Replaces 13 older central acts, setting workplace safety, health and daily work-hour standards nationwide.

  • Work Hours — capped at 8 hours a day, 48 a week.
  • Paid Leave — earned after 180 days worked, down from 240.
  • Women Workers — permitted in all roles, including night shifts, with consent and safeguards.
  • Appointment Letters — mandatory for every new hire.

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